Taxes & Business

Pass-through entity

Also known asFlow-through entity

Definition

A pass-through entity is a business structure — including sole proprietorships, partnerships, S-corporations, and most LLCs — that does not pay federal income tax at the entity level. Profits and losses flow through to owners' personal returns and are taxed at individual rates, often with eligibility for the Section 199A qualified business income (QBI) deduction.

By Olomon EditorialLast updated
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Key takeaways

  • Pass-throughs avoid the double taxation of C-corporations.
  • Owners may qualify for the Section 199A QBI deduction (up to 20% of qualified business income).
  • Income and losses are reported to owners on Schedule K-1.
  • Pass-through status interacts with self-employment tax, basis tracking, and state-level taxes — plan with a CPA.

How Olomon thinks about this

Pass-through K-1s are notoriously late, complex, and lost. Olomon stores K-1s alongside the entity that issued them and the household that owns it, so the household and CPA can see, at any moment, every entity in the picture and the documents each one will produce.

In-depth definition

Pass-through taxation is the default for most U.S. small businesses. It eliminates the corporate-level tax, simplifies distributions, and — since the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act — unlocks the QBI deduction for many service and non-service businesses below specific income thresholds.

Frequently asked questions

  • By default, yes — single-member LLCs are taxed as sole proprietorships and multi-member LLCs as partnerships. LLCs can also elect to be taxed as S-corporations or C-corporations.

Sources

Primary, authoritative references.

  1. 1

    Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

    Business Structures — IRS

    Cited for: Tax treatment by entity type

  2. 2

    Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

    About Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)

    Cited for: Pass-through reporting

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Cite this page

APA
Olomon Editorial Team. (2026). Pass-through entity. Olomon Financial Glossary. https://olomon.com/financial-glossary/pass-through-entity

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